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Manuel Saumell
Manuel Saumell Robredo (19 April 1818〔Orovio, Helio 2004. ''Cuban music from A to Z''. (1817 is given as date of birth by Carpentier and Cristóbal Díaz Ayala)〕 – 14 August 1870), was a Cuban composer known for his invention and development of genuinely creolized forms of music.〔Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal 1981. ''Música cubana del Areyto a la Nueva Trova''. 2nd rev ed, Cubanacan, San Juan P.R. p43〕〔Orovio, Helio 2004. ''Cuban music from A to Z''. Revised by Sue Steward. ISBN 0-8223-3186-1 A biographical dictionary of Cuban music, artists, composers, groups and terms. Duke University, Durham NC; Tumi, Bath. p199〕 For this reason he gets the credit for being the first to cultivate Cuban musical nationalism, and is of similar standing to Glinka who initiated Russian musical nationalism with ''A Life for the Tsar'' at about the same time.
== Life ==
Saumell, from a destitute family, "destined to die young, after leading a miserable, peripatetic, sorrowful existence" 〔Carpentier, Alejo 2001 (). ''Music in Cuba''. Minneapolis MN. Chapter 10 ''Saumell and nationalism'', p186〕 was born in Havana. He studied piano with Juan Fédérico Edelmann, and harmony, arranging, counterpoint and fugue with Mauricio Pyke, the director of an Italian opera company which visited Havana. Saumell played the organ in church and interpreted Beethoven for trios, organized musical meetings, made orchestrations and arrangements, and taught classes. "Saumell was a truly hard worker, sensitive, generous with others, demanding of himself; he was eager to achieve great things () inspired to great projects." 〔Carpentier, Alejo 2001 (). ''Music in Cuba''. Minneapolis MN. Chapter 10 ''Saumell and nationalism'', p186〕
At 21 he fell heavily in love with a singer, Dolores de Saint-Maxent, who had introduced Schubert's work to Cuba. Unfortunately for him, she came from a wealthy family who would not countenance their marriage. All the same, for a time she permitted his attentions to continue. Saumell planned a nationalistic opera to show off her talent, based on the novel ''Antonelli'' by José Antonio Echevarría. The action takes place in Havana in 1590. A workforce of black slaves sets up the machinery of one of El Cerro's first sugar mills. The engineer Antonelli falls in love with a beautiful Siboney quadroon, only to find she is betrothed to the nephew of the Governor of Havana. And so it proceeds...
Alas, before the libretto could be written (in Italian), Delores broke off their relationship, and pursued another man. Shattered, Saumell dropped the project and went back to his scattered life, writing contradanzas and surviving on what little he could make. However, he had done a significant thing: he had planned for aboriginal Indians and black slaves to sing and take part in the action of the opera, something without precedent in all the Americas.〔Sadie, Stanley (ed). ''The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians'' Manuel Saumell, p332.〕
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